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This allows a user-specified Timer for the triggering of the ADC read,
mirroring the new behaviour of DAC.write_timed.

Addresses issue #1129.

Fixes sign-compare warning.

Saves 68 bytes.

Previous to this patch the printing mechanism was a bit of a tangled
mess.  This patch attempts to consolidate printing into one interface.

All (non-debug) printing now uses the mp_print* family of functions,
mainly mp_printf.  All these functions take an mp_print_t structure as
their first argument, and this structure defines the printing backend
through the "print_strn" function of said structure.

Printing from the uPy core can reach the platform-defined print code via
two paths: either through mp_sys_stdout_obj (defined pert port) in
conjunction with mp_stream_write; or through the mp_plat_print structure
which uses the MP_PLAT_PRINT_STRN macro to define how string are printed
on the platform.  The former is only used when MICROPY_PY_IO is defined.

With this new scheme printing is generally more efficient (less layers
to go through, less arguments to pass), and, given an mp_print_t*
structure, one can call mp_print_str for efficiency instead of
mp_printf("%s", ...).  Code size is also reduced by around 200 bytes on
Thumb2 archs.

Addresses issue #1154.

There was a stray factor of 2 (VBAT_DIV) that looks like it was copied incorrectly from the read_core_vbat() function.
The factor exists in read_core_vbat() because VBAT is measured through a 2:1 voltage divider.
read_core_vref now returns values around 1.21V (assuming that external reference voltage is 3.3V) which is in line with the datasheet values.
See comment at http://forum.micropython.org/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=533&p=2991#p2991

Teensy doesn't need to worry about overflows since all of
its timers are only 16-bit.

For PWM, the pulse width needs to be able to vary from 0..period+1
(pulse-width == period+1 corresponds to 100% PWM)

I couldn't test the 0xffffffff cases since we can't currently get a
period that big in python. With a prescaler of 0, that corresponds
to a freq of 0.039 (i.e. cycle every 25.56 seconds), and we can't
set that using freq or period.

I also tested both stmhal and teensy with floats disabled, which
required a few other code changes to compile.

Addressing issue #50, still some way to go yet.

Based on forum post: http://forum.micropython.org/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=193

Blanket wide to all .c and .h files.  Some files originating from ST are
difficult to deal with (license wise) so it was left out of those.

Also merged modpyb.h, modos.h, modstm.h and modtime.h in stmhal/.

Decided to write own script to pull documentation from comments in C code.
Style for writing auto generated documentation is: start line with ///
and then use standard markdown to write the comment.  Keywords
recognised by the scraper begin with backslash.  See code for examples.

Running: python gendoc.py modpyb.c accel.c adc.c dac.c extint.c i2c.c
led.c pin.c rng.c servo.c spi.c uart.c usrsw.c, will generate a HTML
structure in gendoc-out/.

gendoc.py is crude but functional.  Needed something quick, and this was
it.

Also some updates to compile with latest changes to core py.

Main reason for expanding buffer protocol API was to support writes to a
buffer in ADC module (see read_timed).  With this change you can now
create an array of arbitrary type and ADC.read_timed will store into
that array in the correct format (byte, int, float).  I wonder though if
all these changes were really worth it to support just this function.
Hopefully this enhanced buffer protocol API (with typecode specified)
will be used elsewhere.

This is an attempt to clean up the Micro Python API on the pyboard.
Gpio functionality is now in the Pin object, which seems more natural.
Constants for MODE and PULL are now in pyb.Pin.  Names of some
classes have been adjusted to conform to CamelCase.  Other
miscellaneous changes and clean up here and there.

Any generated headers go in $(BUILD)/genhdr/, and are #included as
'genhdr/xxx.h'.

Reads ADC values into a bytearray (or similar) at a fixed rate.  Needs a
better name and improved API.  Also fix up DAC dma function (which also
needs a better name and API).

This does not affect code size or performance when debugging turned off.

To address issue #420.

Pretty much everyone needs to include map.h, since it's such an integral
part of the Micro Python object implementation.  Thus, the definitions
are now in obj.h instead.  map.h is removed.

Mostly just a global search and replace.  Except rt_is_true which
becomes mp_obj_is_true.

Still would like to tidy up some of the names, but this will do for now.

Originally, .methods was used for methods in a ROM class, and
locals_dict for methods in a user-created class.  That distinction is
unnecessary, and we can use locals_dict for ROM classes now that we have
ROMable maps.

This removes an entry in the bloated mp_obj_type_t struct, saving a word
for each ROM object and each RAM object.  ROM objects that have a
methods table (now a locals_dict) need an extra word in total (removed
the methods pointer (1 word), no longer need the sentinel (2 words), but
now need an mp_obj_dict_t wrapper (4 words)).  But RAM objects save a
word because they never used the methods entry.

Overall the ROM usage is down by a few hundred bytes, and RAM usage is
down 1 word per user-defined type/class.

There is less code (no need to check 2 tables), and now consistent with
the way ROM modules have their tables initialised.

Efficiency is very close to equivaluent.

Addresses issue #377.

Fix adc to work with resolution changes.

Added support for the ADC channels and mappings to make_pins.py

I'm not sure if the hal properly deals with the channel 16/18 differences
between the 40x and 42x. It seems to deal with it partially. This particular
aspect will need testing on a 42x or 43x.