This enable libc functions, GC, and line-editing function. Also, UART
emulation for POSIX systems is added. Emulation build is set as default.

Unlike bare-arm, which is mostly intended to show raw interpreter size,
without library and support code dependencies. This port is intended to
be a better base to start new ports, and also will include emulation
build to allow debug some aspects of embedded targets on POSIX systems.

This initial commit is verbatim copy of bare-arm code.

This patch consolidates all global variables in py/ core into one place,
in a global structure.  Root pointers are all located together to make
GC tracing easier and more efficient.

The function is modeled after traceback.print_exception(), but unbloated,
and put into existing module to save overhead on adding another module.
Compliant traceback.print_exception() is intended to be implemented in
micropython-lib in terms of sys.print_exception().

This change required refactoring mp_obj_print_exception() to take pfenv_t
interface arguments.

Addresses #751.

mp_lexer_t type is exposed, mp_token_t type is removed, and simple lexer
functions (like checking current token kind) are now inlined.

This saves 784 bytes ROM on 32-bit unix, 348 bytes on stmhal, and 460
bytes on bare-arm.  It also saves a tiny bit of RAM since mp_lexer_t
is a bit smaller.  Also will run a bit more efficiently.

Required to build bare-arm with debugging.
Signed-off-by: Sven Wegener <sven.wegener@stealer.net>

This makes open() and _io.FileIO() more CPython compliant.
The mode kwarg is fully iplemented.
The encoding kwarg is allowed but not implemented; mainly to allow
the tests to specify encoding for CPython, see #874

mp_parse_node_free now frees the memory associated with non-interned
strings.  And the parser calls mp_parse_node_free when discarding a
non-used node (such as a doc string).

Also, the compiler now frees the parse tree explicitly just before it
exits (as opposed to relying on the caller to do this).

Addresses issue #708 as best we can.

qstr_init is always called exactly before mp_init, so makes sense to
just have mp_init call it.  Similarly with
mp_init_emergency_exception_buf.  Doing this makes the ports simpler and
less error prone (ie they can no longer forget to call these).