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In new hardware API, these classes implement master modes of interfaces,
and "mode" parameter is not accepted. Trying to implement new HW API
in terms of older pyb module leaves variuos corner cases:

In new HW API, I2C(1) means "I2C #1 in master mode" (? depends on
interpretation), while in old API, it means "I2C #1, with no settings
changes".

For I2C class, it's easy to make mode optional, because that's last
positional param, but for SPI, there's "baudrate" after it (which
is inconsistent with I2C, which requires "baudrate" to be kwonly-arg).

This file contains various MicroPython-specific helper functions, so isn't
good fit for lib/libc/.

This makes select.poll() interface fully compatible with CpYthon. Also, make
their numeric values of these options compatible with Linux (and by extension,
with iBCS2 standard, which jopefully means compatibility with other Unices too).

Port specific settings defined in mpconfigport.

Initial power up also includes VBAT.

If LSE is configured but fails to start, LSI is used until next full power
cycle.  Also handles STM32F7xx variant.

Reported here: http://forum.micropython.org/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=845

py/mphal.h contains declarations for generic mp_hal_XXX functions, such
as stdio and delay/ticks, which ports should provide definitions for.  A
port will also provide mphalport.h with further HAL declarations.

This prevents the loss of RTC time when exiting from standby mode, since
the RTC is paused while it is being re-inited and this loses about 120ms.

Thanks to @chuckbook for the patch.

This file is actually port-generic and should be moved out of stmhal/ .
Other ports already use it, and thus it should use mp_hal_ticks_ms()
right away.

These MPHAL functions are intended to replace previously used HAL_Delay(),
HAL_GetTick() to provide better naming and MPHAL separation (they are
fully equivalent otherwise).

Also, refactor extmod/modlwip to use them.

Addresses issue #1529.

mpconfigport.h is a private, partial header not providing correct settings
unless included by py/mpconfig.h.

Scenario: module1 depends on some common file from lib/, so specifies it
in its SRC_MOD, and the same situation with module2, then common file
from lib/ eventually ends up listed twice in $(OBJ), which leads to link
errors.

Make is equipped to deal with such situation easily, quoting the manual:
"The value of $^ omits duplicate prerequisites, while $+ retains them and
preserves their order." So, just use $^ consistently in all link targets.

Looks like we can use the same Pin class for legacy pyb module and new
machine module.

Instead of return 0, which means EOF. There's no good way to detect EOF on
continuously active bus like UART, and treat timeout as just temporary
unvailability of data. .read() method of UART object will return None in
this case (instead of 0, which again measn EOF). This is fully compliant
with unix port.

pyb.repl_uart still exists but points to os.dupterm.

pyb module still has pyb.delay and pyb.udelay, but these now point to
time.sleep_ms and time.sleep_us respectively.

Generally, ports should inherit INC from py.mk, append to it, not
overwrite it. TODO: Likely should do the same for other vars too.

This patch allows to configure the DAC resolution in the constructor and
in the init function, eg:

dac = DAC(1, bits=12).

The default resolution is 8 bits for backwards compatibility.  The bits
sets the maximum value accepted by write and write_timed methods, being
2**bits - 1.

When using write_timed with 12-bit resolution, the input buffer is
treated as an unsigned half-word array, typecode 'H'.

See PR #1130 for discussion.

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