Addresses issue #388.

Rationale: setting up the stack (state for locals and exceptions) is
really part of the "code", it's the prelude of the function.  For
example, native code adjusts the stack pointer on entry to the function.
Native code doesn't need to know n_state for any other reason.  So
putting the state size in the bytecode prelude is sensible.

It reduced ROM usage on STM by about 30 bytes :)  And makes it easier to
pass information about the bytecode between functions.

Remove unnecessary includes. Add includes that improve portability.

mp_module_obj_t can now be put in ROM.

Configuration of float type is now similar to longint: can now choose
none, float or double as the implementation.

math module has basic math functions.  For STM port, these are not yet
implemented (they are just stub functions).

Addresses issue #327.

Don't need to wrap bitfields in their own struct.  Compiler does the
correct thing without it.

This commit also introduces board directories and moves board
specific config into the appropriate board directory.

boards/stm32f4xx-af.csv was extracted from the STM32F4xx datasheet
and hand-tweaked.

make-pins.py takes boards/stm32f4xx-af.csv, boards/stm32f4xx-prefix.c,
and boards/BOARD-NAME/pins.csv as input and generates the file
build/pins_BOARD_NAME.c

The generated pin file for PYBOARD4 looks like this:
https://gist.github.com/dhylands/9063231

The generated pins file includes all of the supported alternate
functions, and includes upsupported alternate functions as comments.

See the commnet block at the top of stm/pin_map.c for details on
how to use the pin mapper.

I also went ahead and modified stm/gpio.c to use the pin mapper.

For this, record argument names along with each bytecode function. The code
still includes extensive debug logging support so far.

Addresses issue #295.

Addresses issue #290, and hopefully sets up things to allow generators
throwing exceptions, etc.

Each built-in exception is now a type, with base type BaseException.
C exceptions are created by passing a pointer to the exception type to
make an instance of.  When raising an exception from the VM, an
instance is created automatically if an exception type is raised (as
opposed to an exception instance).

Exception matching (RT_BINARY_OP_EXCEPTION_MATCH) is now proper.

Handling of parse error changed to match new exceptions.

mp_const_type renamed to mp_type_type for consistency.

Ultimately all static strings should be qstr.  This entry in the type
structure is only used for printing error messages (to tell the type of
the bad argument), and printing objects that don't supply a .print method.

Some tools do not support local/static symbols (one example is GNU ld map file).
Exposing all functions will allow to do detailed size comparisons, etc.

Also, added bunch of statics where they were missing, and replaced few identity
functions with global mp_identity().

Passing keyword arguments to a native function now no longer requires
heap memory.  The kw_args map is created on the stack using the args
array as the table.

TODO: Decide if we really need separate bytecode for creating functions
with default arguments - we would need same for closures, then there're
keywords arguments too. Having all combinations is a small exponential
explosion, likely we need just 2 cases - simplest (no defaults, no kw),
and full - defaults & kw.

Can now have null bytes in strings.  Can define ROM qstrs per port using
qstrdefsport.h

Change state layout in VM so the stack starts at state[0] and grows
upwards.  Locals are at the top end of the state and number downwards.
This cleans up a lot of the interface connecting the VM to C: now all
functions that take an array of Micro Python objects are in order (ie no
longer in reverse).

Also clean up C API with keyword arguments (call_n and call_n_kw
replaced with single call method that takes keyword arguments).  And now
make_new takes keyword arguments.

emitnative.c has not yet been changed to comply with the new order of
stack layout.

Made sorted() raise an exception instead of aborting when given no arguments; moved around some things in objfun.c as a consequence

This should fix issue #171

It's not really about that, though; it's about me figuring out a sane
way forward for keyword-argument functions (and function
metadata). But it's useful as is, and shouldn't break any existing
code, so here you have it; I'm going to park it in my mind for a bit
while sorting out the rest of the dict branch.

Now much more inline with how CPython does types.

Qstr's are now split into a linked-list of qstr pools.  This has 2
benefits: the first pool can be in ROM (huge benefit, since we no longer
use RAM for the core qstrs), and subsequent pools use m_new for the next
pool instead of m_renew (thus avoiding a huge single table for all the
qstrs).

Still would be better to use a hash table, but this scheme takes us part
of the way (eventually convert the pools to hash tables).

Also fixed bug with import.

Also improved the way the module code is referenced (not magic number 1
anymore).

import works for simple cases.  Still work to do on finding the right
script, and setting globals/locals correctly when running an imported
function.

A big change.  Micro Python objects are allocated as individual structs
with the first element being a pointer to the type information (which
is itself an object).  This scheme follows CPython.  Much more flexible,
not necessarily slower, uses same heap memory, and can allocate objects
statically.

Also change name prefix, from py_ to mp_ (mp for Micro Python).