Use the machine.deepsleep() function to enter the sleep mode.  Use the
RTC to configure the alarm to wake the device.

Basic use is the following:

    import machine

    # configure RTC's ALARM0 to wake device from deep sleep
    rtc = machine.RTC()
    rtc.irq(trigger=rtc.ALARM0, wake=machine.DEEPSLEEP)

    # do other things
    # ...

    # set ALARM0's alarm to wake after 10 seconds
    rtc.alarm(rtc.ALARM0, 10000)

    # enter deep-sleep state (system is reset upon waking)
    machine.deepsleep()

To detect if the system woke from a deep sleep use:

    if machine.reset_cause() == machine.DEEPSLEEP_RESET:
        print('woke from deep sleep')

Initialize RTC period coefficients, etc. if RTC RAM doesn't contain valid
values. time.time() then will return number of seconds since power-on, unless
set to different timebase.

This reuses MEM_MAGIC for the purpose beyond its initial purpose (but the whole
modpybrtc.c need to be eventually reworked completely anyway).

The first argument to the type.make_new method is naturally a uPy type,
and all uses of this argument cast it directly to a pointer to a type
structure.  So it makes sense to just have it a pointer to a type from
the very beginning (and a const pointer at that).  This patch makes
such a change, and removes all unnecessary casting to/from mp_obj_t.

py/mphal.h contains declarations for generic mp_hal_XXX functions, such
as stdio and delay/ticks, which ports should provide definitions for.  A
port will also provide mphalport.h with further HAL declarations.

This is the standard way of doing things, one should construct a
peripheral object (even if it's a singleton).

See issue #1330.